हामी मात्र प्रयोग गर्न आफ्नो इमेल ठेगाना पठाउनुहोस्, तपाईं समाचार पत्र र कसरी धेरै मानिसहरू हेर्न खोल्ने हो हाम्रो इमेल. पूर्ण गोपनीयता नीति देख्न सकिन्छ यहाँ. तपाईं गर्न सक्छन् आफ्नो मन परिवर्तन र कुनै पनि समय मा अद्यावधिक तपाईंको प्राथमिकताहरू वा सदस्यता.

नेपाल

डाउनलोड GAGE नेपाल अवलोकन

 

नेपालमा हाम्रो अध्ययन: हामी नुवाकोट, तनहुँ,काठमाडौँ, सिन्धुपाल्चोक र मोरङ जिल्लामा लगभग १७,००० किशोरिहरुसँग यो अध्ययन गरिरहेका छौँ।

परिवेश: नेपाल भारत र चिनबीच अवस्थित एक सानो हिमाली देश हो। विश्वकै गरिब मुलुक मध्येको एक र अझै पनि विनाशकारी भूकम्प २०७२ बाट माथि उठ्दै गरेको यस देशका लगभग एक तिहाई नागरिकहरु १०-१९ वर्ष बीचका किशोरकिशोरीहरु छन्।

शिक्षा र सिकाई: नेपाली किशोरीहरु आजकाल किशोरहरु भन्दा बढी संख्यामा प्राथमिक तथा माध्यमिक तहमा भर्ना हुने सम्भावना छ। यद्यपि माध्यामिक तह र एस. एल. सी प्रवेशिका पास गर्ने संख्या केटीहरुको भन्दा केटाहरुको बढी छ। अभिभावकहरुले छोराहरुको शिक्षामा लगानी गर्न रुचाउने परिपाटीले गर्दा यस्तो अवस्था भएको हो। किशोरहरुलाई उच्च गुणस्तरको अंग्रेजी माध्यमका स्कुलमा पठाइन्छ र उनीहरुलाई पढ्न र गृहकार्य गर्नको लागि केटीहरुलाई भन्दा बढी समय दिइन्छ।

शारीरिक स्वायत्तता, शारीरिक निष्ठा र हिंसाबाट स्वन्त्रता: हालसालैको केही वर्ष यतादेखि बाल विवाह तीब्र रुपले घट्द गएको भएता पनि हालका २०-२४ बर्षका ४०% महिलाहरुको १८ बर्ष नपुग्दै विवाह भएको थियो। ऐतिहसिक रुपमा हेर्दा यो बालविवाह अभिभाबकहरुद्वारा नै बन्दोबस्त मिलाईएको हुन्थ्यो तर नेपालको केही भूभागहरुमा हालका दिनमा भने बालबालिकाले आफैँ गर्ने बाल विवाह सामान्य हुदैँ गएको छ। वयस्क महिलाहरुमा गरेको अध्ययनबाट यौन दुराचार र लैङ्गिक हिंसाहरु अत्यन्त सामान्य भएको पाइन्छ तर यहि कुरामा किशोरीहरुको अनुभवहरुको बारेमा अहिलेसम्म थोरै मात्रै जानकारी पाइन्छ।

स्वास्थ्य, पोषण, यौन तथा प्रजनन् स्वास्थ्य: यौनको सवालमा र विशेषत यौनितिकताको बिषयलाई लिएर सामाजिक कुरीतिहरु कडा छन्। किशोरकिशोरीहरुले किशोरावस्थाको त्यो अवस्थाको अनुभव गर्नुभन्दा पहिले यौबनावास्थाको बारेमा बुझ्न सहयोग गर्ने खालका विस्तृत यौन शिक्षामा थोरै लाई मात्रै पहुँच छ। त्यस्तै गरी केटीहरुले महिनावारी सम्बन्धी विविध किसिमका बन्देजहरु सहनु पर्छ। उदहारणका लागि नेपालको कतिपय भूभागमा किशोरीहरु छाउपडी प्रथा बाट ग्रसित छन् जहाँ उनीहरु महिनावारी भएको बेला आफ्नो घरमा पनि एउटा छुट्टै अलग कोठामा वा झुप्रो तथा गाई गोठहरुमा बस्नुपर्छ। विवाह पछि उनीहरुले बच्चा जन्माउन सक्ने क्षमता देखाउनु पर्ने बाध्यताले गर्दा केटीहरुलाई परिवार नियोजनका साधनहरुको पहुँचमा पनि सीमान्तकृत गरिएको छ।

मनोसामाजिक स्वास्थ्य: किशोरहरुको तुलनामा नेपाली किशोरीहरुको गतिशीलता सीमित र सामाजिक संजाल साँघुरो रहेको छ। सामाजिक मूल्यमान्यताहरुले गर्दा आफ्नो जीवनको बारेमा निर्णय गर्ने क्षमता र आफ्नै जीवन माथिको नियन्त्रण नहुने हुनाले केटाहरुभन्दा केटीहरु धेरै निराश र दुखी हुने पाईन्छ।

आवाज र निकायहरु: विविध कारणले नेपाली अभिभाबकहरुले छोरालाई बढी महत्व दिने हुँदा छोरीहरुको जीवन जन्म देखी नै सीमित हुदै जान्छ। धेरैजसो किशोरीहरुले आफ्नो जन्म घरमा , श्रीमानको घरमा, बिद्यालय वा समुदायमा आफ्नो विचार व्यक्त गर्न वा निर्णय गर्न पाउँदैनन्। विवाहित महिलाहरुलाई श्रीमानको अतिरिक्त सासुहरुले पनि कुनै पनि कुरामा बोल्न दिदैनन्।

आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण: बाल्याबस्था देखि नै किशोरीहरुले किशोरहरु भन्दा बढी काम गर्छन्। १२-१४ बर्षका किशोरकिशोरीहरु मध्येमा १८% किशोरीहरुले एक हप्तामा १४ घण्टा भन्दा बढी काम गर्छन् (१२ % किशोरहरु को तुलनामा) र १०% ले एक हप्तामा २८ घण्टा भन्दा बढि काम गर्छन् (३% किशोरहरु को तुलनामा)। त्यसैगरी १५-१७ बर्षको उमेरका किशोरकिशोरीहरु मध्येमा ६४% किशोरीहरु ले एक हप्तामा ४३ घण्टा भन्दा कम काम गर्छन् र ३ % ले त्यो भन्दा बढी समय काम गर्छन्। ५८.५% किशोरहरु मध्येमा २% ले मात्र त्यति काम गर्छन्। किशोरी र महिलाहरुलाई आर्थिक निर्णय गर्ने अधिकारमा पहुँच सीमित छ र आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण कार्यक्रमहरुले वयस्क महिला र पुरुषहरुलाई बढी महत्त्व दिने भएकोले किशोरीहरु यस्ता कार्यक्रमबाट बाहिर छन्।

हाम्रो अध्ययनमा आधारित तथ्यहरु : नेपाली किशोरीहरु सम्बन्धी अध्ययनहरुले सक्षमतासम्बन्धी बृहत विधाहरुलाई संगालेका छन्। अध्ययनहरु शिक्षा, बालविवाह र शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य र उनीहरुको व्यबहार निर्धारण लैङ्गिक मूल्यमान्यताजस्ता बिषयमा धेरै केन्द्रित छन्। धेरै अध्ययन ठुला किशोरीहरुमा केन्द्रित हुने र कहिलेकहीँ विवाहित किशोरीहरुमा मात्र केन्द्रित हुने हामीले पायौँ। 

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